UNIX COMMANDS

COMMAND	Meaning
ls	list files and directories
ls -a	list all files and directories
mkdir	make a directory
cd directory	change to named directory
cd	change to home-directory
cd ~	change to home-directory
cd ..	change to parent directory
pwd	display the path of the current directory
cp file1 file2	copy file1 and call it file2
mv file1 file2	move or rename file1 to file2
rm file	remove a file
rmdir directory	remove a directory
cat file	display a file
more file	display a file a page at a time
head file	display the first few lines of a file
tail file	display the last few lines of a file
grep 'keyword' file	search a file for keywords
wc file	count number of lines/words/characters in file
command > file	redirect standard output to a file
command >> file	append standard output to a file
command < file	redirect standard input from a file
command1 | command2	pipe the output of command1 to the input of command2
cat file1 file2 > file0	Concatenate file1 and file2 to file0
sort	sort data
who	list users currently logged in
a2ps -Pprinter textfile	print text file to named printer
lpr -Pprinter psfile	print postscript file to named printer
*	Match any number of characters
?	Match one character
man command	Read the online manual page for a command
whatis command	Brief description of a command
apropos keyword	match commands with keyword in their man pages
ls –lag	list access rights for all files
chmod [options] file	change access rights for named file
command &	run command in background
^C	kill the job running in the foreground
^Z	suspend the job running in the foreground
Bg	background the suspended job
Jobs	list current jobs
fg %1	foreground job number 1
kill %1	kill job number 1
Ps	list current processes
kill 26152	kill process number 26152
U	user
G	group
O	other
A	all
R	read
W	write (and delete)
X	execute (and access directory)
+	add permission
-	take away permission
Ls –lag	list access rights for all files
chmod [options] file	change access rights for named file
command &	run command in background